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weight and performance calculations for the Boeing 777-200ER
KLM 777-206ER PH-BQL taking off from the Aaalsmeerbaan 18L, February 2024, Schiphol © bvdz
Boeing 777-200ER
role : wide-body airliner
importance : ****
first flight : 7 October 1996 (N5022E) operational : February 1997 (British Airways)
country : United States of America
design :
production : 422 aircraft at Everett
general information :
Was initially designated as -200IGW. It has a longer range and General Electric GE90-92B
engines. The 777-200ER replaces the 747-300 with KLM. Direct competitor of the Airbus
A340-300.
primary users : KLM, British Airways, Singapore Airlines, American Airlines, Emirates, All
Nippon, Asiana airlines, United Airlines, Air Canada, Egyptair, JAL, PIA, Malaysia
Airlines, Qatar Airways, Air France, Eva Air, Korean Airlines, THY, Cathay Pacific, China
Southern, Garuda
Accommodation:
flight crew : 2 cabin crew : 10
passengers : seating for 345 in two class : 30 business class and 315 economy- class seats
( 31 -in pitch) high density seating for 418 passengers
engine : 2 General Electric GE90-92B turbofan engines of 403.0 [KN] (90596.5 [lbf])
dimensions :
wingspan : 60.93 [m], length overall: 63.73 [m], length of fuselage : 61.84 [m]
height : 18.44 [m] wing area : 427.8 [m^2] fuselage exterior width : 6.2 [m]
weights :
operating empty weight : 138060 [kg] max. structural payload : 56940 [kg]
Zero Fuel weight (ZFW) : 195000 [kg] max. landing weight (MLW) : 208700 [kg]
max. take-off weight : 286900 [kg] weight fuel : 134361 [kg] (171160 [litres])
performance :
Max. operating Mach number (Mmo) : 0.86 [Mach] (945 [km/hr]) at 8500 [m]
critical Mach speed : 0.85 [Mach]
max. cruising speed : 892 [km/hr] (Mach 0.85 ) at 11890 [m] (33 [%] power)
economic cruising speed : 875 [km/hr] (Mach 0.84 ) at 11890 [m]
service ceiling : 13100 [m]
range with max fuel and MTOW : 16205 [km] (ATA domestic fuel reserves - 370.0 [km]
alternate)
description :
cantilever low-wing monoplane with retractable landing gear with nose wheel
Wings : tapered multi-cellular fail safe wing with improved 2324 and 7150 aluminium alloy
stressed skin, with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composite material wing surfaces and
Kevlar fairings with Fowler-type double slotted trailing edge flaps with full-span slotted
LE flaps (slats) ,with spoilers (outboard) and airbrakes (inboard) airfoil : Boeing with
supercritical cross-section average thickness/chord ratio : 10.0 [%], sweep angle 3/4 chord:
31.6 [°]
engines attached with pylons to the wing, main landing gear attached to the wings, fuel
tanks in the wings and fuselage
calculation : *1* (dimensions)
measured wing chord at root: 13.14 [m]
measured wing chord at tip : 2.63 [m]
taper ratio : 0.200 [ ]
mean wing chord : 7.02 [m]
wing aspect ratio : 8.68 []
Oswald factor (e): 0.687 []
seize (span*length*height) : 71604 [m^3]
calculation : *2* (fuel consumption)
oil consumption : 20.2 [kg/hr]
fuel consumption (econ. cruise speed) : 7092.9 [kg/hr] (9035.6 [litre/hr]) at 17 [%] power
distance flown for 1 kg fuel : 0.12 [km/kg] at 11890 [m] height, sfc : 52.9 [kg/KN/h]
total fuel capacity : 171160 [litre] (134361 [kg])
calculation : *3* (weight)
weight engine(s) dry : 15786.0 [kg] = 19.59 [kg/KN]
weight 527.1 litre oil tank : 44.81 [kg]
oil tank filled with 5.1 litre oil : 4.6 [kg]
oil in engine 9.9 litre oil : 8.9 [kg]
fuel in engine 44.0 litre fuel : 32.24 [kg]
weight fuel lines : 223.4 [kg]
weight engine cowling : 2095.6 [kg]
weight thrust reversers : 1209.0 [kg]
total weight propulsion system : 19404 [kg](6.8 [%])
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Accommodation cabin facilities:
August 2006 American Airlines has 46 777-200ER’s in service and 6 on order
Emirates has August 2006 3 777-200’s and 6 777-200ER’s in service
typical 2-class cabin layout for 345 passengers : economy : pitch : 78.7 [cm] 31.0 [-in]
( 3+3+3 ) seating in 39.3 rows
weight passenger seats : 1835.9 [kg]
weight cabin crew seats : 50.0 [kg]
weight flight crew seats : 42.0 [kg]
weight 2 jump seats in the cockpit :14.0 [kg]
high density seating passengers : 418 [pax] at mainly 10 -abreast seating in 47.7 rows,
pitch 77.1 [cm] 30.4 [-in]
pax density, normal seating : 0.73 [m2/pax], high density seating : 0.61 [m2/pax]
weight 10 lavatories : 301.8 [kg]
weight 13 galleys : 1164.4 [kg]
weight overhead stowage for hand luggage : 120.7 [kg]
weight 3 wardrobe closets : 34.5 [kg]
KLM interior 777-206ER
weight 345 individual entertainment screens : 172 [kg]
weight 81 windows (38 x 25 cm) made of acrylic glass : 182.2 [kg]
weight 8 (1.93 x 1.07 [m]) Type A main entry doors : 583.5 [kg]
weight 3 (main door size : 1.75 x 1.78 [m]) freight doors (belly) : 310.9 [kg]*
total belly baggage/cargo hold volume : 193.0 [m3]
underfloor belly hold can accommodate : 32 LD3 containers, netto volume : 142.9 [m3]
and : 17.0 [m3] bulk cargo
cabin volume (usable), excluding flight deck : 510 [m3]
passenger compartment volume : 317 [m3]
passenger cabin max width : 5.86 [m] cabin length : 43.92 [m] max cabin height : 2.41 [m]
floor area : 253.3 [m2]
weight cabin facilities : 4707.5 [kg]
safety facilities:
evacuation time with 418 passengers : 51 [sec]
weight 16 hand fire extinguisher : 48 [kg]
weight cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and flight data recorder (FDR): 20.0 [kg]
weight oxygen masks & oxygen generators : 224.2 [kg]
weight emergency flare installation : 10 [kg]
weight 8 emergency evacuation slides : 486.1 [kg]
weight safety equipment & facilities : 788 [kg]
fuselage construction:
fuselage aluminium frame : 27159 [kg]
floor loading (payload/m2): 225 [kg/m2]
weight rear pressure bulkhead : 549.1 [kg]
fuselage covering ( 884.3 [m2] duraluminium 3.42 [mm]) : 8102.4 [kg]
weight floor beams : 5370.9 [kg]
weight cabin furbishing : 3858.9 [kg]
weight cabin floor : 3583.0 [kg]
weight (sound proof) isolation : 568.3 [kg] TO-noise level : 90.8 [EPNdB]
weight 30837 [litre] main central fuel tanks empty : 1726.9 [kg]
weight 20231 [litre] additional central fuel tank (ACT) empty : 1132.9 [kg]
weight empty 1949 [litre] potable water tank : 172.5 [kg]
weight empty waste tank : 58.0 [kg]
weight fuselage structure : 52282.3 [kg]
Avionics:
weight VHF radio and Selcal : 9.0 [kg]
weight flight and service attendants intercom : 5.0 [kg]
weight dual cloud-collision radar : 25.0 [kg]
Cockpit of Malaysian Airlines 777-200ER 9M-MRO
weight monochromatic weather X-band (3.2cm wavelength) radar system : 25.0 [kg]
weight VOR/ILS,RMI,DME,radio altimeter, ASI, time clock : 20.0 [kg]
weight dual digital Flight Management System (FMS) for navigation/auto-pilot : 20.0 [kg]
weight CAT IIIb auto-landing system : 10.0 [kg]
weight EFIS (4 Rockwell Collins CRT screens ADI/PFD+HSI/ND displays) : 20 [kg]
weight ground proximity warning system (GPWS) : 6 [kg]
weight engine monitoring system ECAM : 24 [kg]
weight reserve ADI, ASI, alti-meter, compass, engine temp. and rpm indicators : 15 [kg]
weight avionics : 141.0 [kg]
Systems:
Air-conditioning and pressurization system maintains sea level conditions up to 6400 [m]
and gives equivalent of 2440 [m] at 12200 [m]. pressure differential : 0.58 [bar] (kg/cm2)
pressurized fuselage volume : 761 [m3] cabin air refreshment time : 2.9 [min]
weight air-conditioning and pressurization system : 439 [kg]
weight APU / engine starter: 201.5 [kg]
weight lighting : 113.9 [kg]
weight triple redundant 207 bar hydraulic system : 242.1 [kg]
weight three engine-driven 90kVA 400 Hertz electricity generators : 86.2 [kg]
weight integrated drive generator (IDG) : 25 [kg]
weight ram air turbine for emergency electric power : 5.0 [kg]
weight three 24V 25Ah nickel-cadmium batteries : 38.4 [kg]
weight controls : 26.2 [kg]
weight systems : 1172.5 [kg]
total weight fuselage : 59092 [kg](20.6 [%])
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total weight aluminium ribs (1940 ribs) : 9509 [kg]
weight engine mounts : 403 [kg]
weight 6 wing fuel tanks empty for total 120092 [litre] fuel : 6725 [kg]
weight wing covering (painted aluminium 3.26 [mm]) : 7525 [kg]
total weight aluminium spars (multi-cellular wing structure) : 9710 [kg]
weight wings : 26744 [kg]
weight wing/square meter : 62.51 [kg]
weight thermal leading-edge anti-icing : 67.0 [kg]
weight ailerons made of graphite hybrid composites (17.52 [m2]) : 439.1 [kg]
weight fin (59.00 [m2]) : 1848.6 [kg]
weight rudder (24.53 [m2]) : 737.8 [kg]
weight tailplane (stabilizer) (64.00 [m2]): 2205.8 [kg]
weight elevators (16.32 [m2]): 276.13 [kg]
weight flight control hydraulic servo actuators: 119.3 [kg]
PH-BQM landing at the Aalsmeerbaan, Schiphol, February 2024, spoilers deployed and thrust reverser activated before the nosewheel touches the ground © bvdz
weight trailing-edge double slotted flaps (83.42 [m2]) : 2221.5 [kg]
weight track-mounted light alloy construction leading edge slats (42.55 [m2]) : 712.7 [kg]
weight fly-by-wire operated spoilers of graphite composite construction (16.7 [m2]) : 230.0
[kg]
weight airbrakes (8.4 [m2]) : 132.8 [kg]
total weight wing construction : 42863 [kg] (31.0 [%])
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tire pressure main wheels : 14.10 [Bar] (nitrogen), ply rating : 32 PR
tire speed limit : 389 [km/hr]
total tyre footprint : 1.25 [m2]
Runway LCN at MTOW (0.76m radius of rigidity) : 59 [ ]
Aircraft Classification Number (ACN), MTOW on rigid runway and medium subgrade
strength (B) : 40 [ ] Can also operate from unpaved runways subgrade B
PH-BQM landing at Schiphol, RW 36R, Feb24 © bvdz
wheel pressure : 21039.3 [kg]
weight 12 Dunlop 50 x 20 main wheels (1270 [mm] by 508 [mm]) : 2411.0 [kg]
weight 2 nose wheels : 200.9 [kg]
weight hydraulic disc wheel-brakes : 195.0 [kg]
weight Duplex anti-skid units : 12.6 [kg]
weight oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers : 260.0 [kg]
weight wheel hydraulic operated retraction system : 2431.7 [kg]
weight undercarriage struts (six-wheel bogies) with axle 6525.9 [kg]
total weight landing gear : 12037.1 [kg] (4.2 [%]
*******************************************************************
China Southern 777-21BER with marking “Transpacific ETOPS flight” behind the nosewheel, taking off from Schiphol airport © bvdz
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calculated empty weight : 133396 [kg](46.5 [%])
weight oil for 21.8 hours flying : 458.0 [kg]
weight lifejackets : 155.2 [kg]
weight 6 life rafts : 215.6 [kg]
weight catering : 1078.1 [kg]
weight water : 1725.0 [kg]
weight crew : 972 [kg]
weight crew luggage, nav. chards, flight doc., miscell. items : 60 [kg]
operational weight empty : 138060 [kg] (48.1 [%])
********************************************************************
weight 345 passengers : 26565 [kg]
weight luggage : 5520 [kg]
weight cargo : 24855 [kg] (cargo + luggage/m3 belly : 150 [kg/m3])
zero fuel weight (ZFW): 195000 [kg](68.0 [%])
weight fuel for landing (1.9 hours flying) : 13700 [kg]
max. landing weight (MLW): 208700 [kg](72.7 [%])
max. fuel weight : 272421 [kg] (95.0 [%])
payload with max fuel : 156 passengers + luggage 14479 [kg]
published maximum take-off weight : 286900 [kg] (100.0 [%])
calculation : * 4 * (engine power)
power loading (Take-off) : 356 [kg/KN]
power loading (Take-off) 1 PUF: 712 [kg/KN]
max. total take-off power : 806.0 [KN]
calculation : *5* (loads)
manoeuvre load : 1.1 [g] at 9000 [m]
limit load : 2.5 [g] ultimate load : 3.8 [g] load factor : 0.9 [g]
Aeroflot 777-2Q8ER VP-BAS c/n 27607
design flight time : 6.25 [hours]
design cycles : 10700 sorties, design hours : 66875 [hours]
max. wing loading (MTOW & flaps retracted) : 671 [kg/m2]
wing stress (2 g) during operation : 181 [N/kg] at 2g emergency manoeuvre
calculation : *6* (angles of attack)
angle of attack zero lift : -1.72 ["]
max. angle of attack (stalling angle, clean) : 12.81 ["]
max. angle of attack (full flaps) : 17.01 ["]
angle of attack at max. speed : 2.10 ["]
calculation : *7* (lift & drag ratios
lift coefficient at angle of attack 0° : 0.15 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. speed : 0.33 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. angle of attack (clean): 1.27 [ ]
max. lift coefficient full flaps : 1.97 [ ]
drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0252 [ ]
drag coefficient at econ. cruise speed : 0.0327 [ ]
induced drag coefficient at econ. cruise speed : 0.0148 [ ]
drag coefficient (zero lift) : 0.0179 [ ]
lift/drag ratio at econ. speed : 13.22 [ ]
calculation : *8* (speeds
take-off decision speed (V1) : 288 [km/u] (155 [kt])
take-off rotation speed (VR) : 302 [km/u] (163 [kt])
lift-off speed (VLOF) : 317 [km/u] (171 [kt]) at pitch angle : 14.6 [°]
KLM PH-BQD taking off from the Aalsmeerbaan, 18L, Schiphol November 2024 © bvdz
take-off safety speed (V2) : 328 [km/u] (177 [kt])
flap retraction speed (V3) at 500m (OW loaded : 279807 [kg]): 349 [km/u] (189 [kt])
steady initial climb speed (V4) : 354 [km/u] (191 [kt])
climb speed (to FL150 with 56 [%] power) : 666 [km/hr] (360 [kt])
max. endurance speed (Vbe): 608 [km/u] min. fuel/hr : 7059 [kg/hr] at height : 6706 [m]
max. range speed (Vbr): 879 [km/u] (0.84 [mach]) min. fuel consumption : 8.12 [kg/km] at cruise height : 11582 [m]
max. cruising speed : 892 [km/hr] (482 [kt]) at 11890 [m] (power:17 [%])
max. operational speed (Mmo) : 945 [km/hr] (Mach 0.86 ) at 8500 [m] (power:22 [%])
airflow at cruise speed per engine : 606.5 [kg/s]
PH-BQB at the gate at Schiphol, May 2005 © bvdz
speed of thrust jet : 1307 [km/hr]
initial descent speed 10000 - 7315 [m]: Mach 0.82
descent speed 7315 - 3048 [m]: 537 [km/u] (290 [kt])
approach speed 3048 - 500 [m] (clean): 463 [km/u] (250 [kt])
minimum control speed (MCS) Vmca (clean): 347 [km/u] (188 [kt])
stalling speed clean at 500 [m] height at Max.Landing Weight : 208700 [kg]): 289 [km/u] (156 [kt])
final approach speed (landing speed) at sea-level with full flaps VREF (max. landing weight): 259 [km/u] (140 [kt])
ICAO Aircraft Approach Category (APC) : C
stalling speed at sea-level with full flaps VSO (max. landing weight): 199 [km/u] (107 [kt]
rate of climb at sea-level ROC (loaded, 56 % power) : 1151 [m/min]
rate of climb at sea-level ROC (loaded, 75 % power) : 1918 [m/min]
rate of climb at 1000 [m] with 1 engine out (PUF/MTOW, 100 % power on remaining engines) : 732 [m/min]
rate of descent from FL240 to FL100 (7315m > 3048m): 1067 [m/min] (3501 [ft/min])
rate of descent during approach with landing gear extended, with use of spoilers: 457 [m/min] (1499 [ft/min])
calculation : *9* (regarding various performances)
low wheel pressure, can also take off from unpaved runways
Brake kinetic energy capacity : 4484 [KW]
KLM 777-206ER PH-BQD taking off from RW 18L Schiphol, November 2023 © bvdz
FAR Take-off runway length at sea-level, MTOW 286900 kg (632500lbs): 9500 ft > 2895 [m]
FAR TO runway length (TOFL) requirement at TOW 286900 [kg] standard day at sea level:
2890 [m]
FAR landing runway length at sea level, max. landing wgt 208700 kg (460000 lb) : 5250 ft > 1600 [m] with thrust reversers deployed.
+++ FAA certification landing distance : +++
landing weight : 208700 [kg], TE flap setting : 50 [°]
runway condition : dry , landing over 50ft (15m) at threshold at sea-level
FAA approved landing field length : 1626 [m] (5336 [ft])
landing distance (C.A.R.) from 15 [m] at SL, wet runway: 1862 [m] (6110 [ft])
max. lift/drag ratio : 16.15 [ ]
climb to 5000 [m] with max payload : 4.02 [min]
climb to 10000 [m] with max payload : 12.37 [min]
descent time from 10000 [m] to 250 [m] : 24.33 [min]
ceiling limited by max. pressure differential 14125 [m]
theoretical ceiling fully loaded (mtow- 60 min.fuel: 279807 [kg] ) : 14900 [m]
calculation *10* (action radius & endurance)
range with max. payload: 10387 [km] with 56940.0 [kg] max. useful load (68.4 [%] fuel)*
range with high density pax: 12901 [km] with 418 passengers (81.8 [%] fuel)*
range with typical two-class pax: 13891 [km] with 345 passengers (86.9 [%] fuel)*
Range with max. fuel : 8750 nm = 16205 km, ferry range 9500 nm : 17594 km
range with max.fuel : 16575 [km] with 12 crew and 156 passengers and 100.0 [%] fuel*
ferry range : 17847 [km] with 2 crew and zero payload (100.0 [%] fuel)*
max range theoretically with additional fuel tanks total 194208 [litre] fuel : 19517 [km]*
* calculated ranges without fuel reserves
Available Seat Kilometres (ASK) : 5010181 [paskm]
useful load with range 1000km : 56940 [kg]
useful load with range 1000km : 418 passengers
production (theor.max load): 50790 [tonkm/hour]
production (useful load): 50790 [tonkm/hour]
production (passengers): 327518 [paskm/hour]
oil and fuel consumption per tonkm : 0.140 [kg]
calculation *11* (operating cost)
fuel cost per hour (9036 [litre]):5421 [eur] (36 [pax-km/litre fuel])
fuel cost per seat 1000km flight (367 [pax] 2-class seating): 16.55 [eur/1000PK]
oil cost per hour: 84 [eur]
crew cost per hour : 1650 [eur]
list price 2023 : 353 [mln USD]
average flying hours in 1 year : 4206 [hours] technical life : 16 [year]
real average service life : 18 [years]
depreciation - 20 [years] to 10% residual value
economic hours (expected total flying hours) : 84120 [hours]
financing interest per flying hour : 1891 [EUR]
write off per flying hour : 3879 [EUR]
EL-AL 777-258ER 4X-ECB taking of form SPL, RW 18L, dec23 (c) bvdz
time between engine failure : 17839 [hr]
can continue fly on 1 engine, low risk for emergency landing for PUF
workhours per day : 12.91 [hr]
average flight hours till crash : 10.65 [mln hr] (2532 service years)
safe flight hours till fatality : 59164 [hr] (14.1 service years)
reservation pax liability/flying hour : 2.18 [SDR*] (2.72 [eur])
insurance cost per hour : 153 [eur] insurance rate : 0.5 [%]
engine maintenance cost per hour : 3301.6 [eur]
wing maintenance cost per hour : 150.6 [eur]
fuselage maintenance cost per hour : 45.27 [eur]
tire life (time till worn out) : 99 [cycles]
maintenance cost per hour (excluding engines): 3133 [eur]
direct operating cost per hour: 19514 [eur], DOC per km : 22.30 [eur]
DOC per seat 1000km flight (367 [pax] 2-class seating): 59.58 [eur/1000PK]
DOC per seat 1000km flight (high density seating): 52.34 [eur/1000PK]
DOC per kg cargo for a 1000km flight : 0.38 [eur/kg] (= DOC/tonkm)
passenger service charge (depart at Schiphol): 11.34 [eur]
security service charge (depart at Schiphol): 10.08 [eur]
airport take-off fee / passenger : 4.84 [eur/pax]
airport landing fee / passenger : 4.84 [eur/pax]
retour ticket price 1000km trip : 199.48 [eur/pax]
price retour ticket Schiphol-Barcelona : 232.25 [eur/pax]
British Airways G-YMMM 777-200ER suffered the first 777 hull loss, 17 January 2008 it landed short on landing at London Heathrow airport (LHR) RW 27L. The ice-cold fuel (-34°C) did flow to slow to the engine on final approach. The evacuation was successful and there were only a few minor injured. RR Trent engines
accidents with fatalities > see the accident file
British Airways Boeing 777-200ER G-VIIK c/n 28840 with GE90 engines. It survived two accidents. One refuelling accident causing a fire in September 2001 and it had a ground collision July 2007 at LHR
Literature :
https://contentzone.eurocontrol.int/aircraftperformance/default.aspx?
https://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/plan-manuals
Air International dec’96 page 349, apr’94 page 180
http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_777
KLM PH-BQB lifting of from runway 18L at Schiphol, December 2023, © bvdz
confidence rating regarding source data : medium - all information is only available from news, social media or unofficial sources
DISCLAIMER Above calculations are based on published data, they must be
regarded as indication not as facts.
Calculated performance and weight may not correspond with actual weights
and performances and are assumptions for which no responsibility can be taken.
Calculations are as accurate as possible, they can be fine-tuned when more data
is available, you are welcome to give suggestions and additional information
so we can improve our program. For copyright on drawings/photographs/
content please mail to below mail address
(c) B van der Zalm 25 February 2024 contact : info.aircraftinvestigation@gmail.com ac jetpax 2020.py python 3.7.4
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